<?php

/*
 * This file is part of the Symfony package.
 *
 * (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
 *
 * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
 * file that was distributed with this source code.
 */

namespace Symfony\Component\String;

use Symfony\Component\String\Exception\ExceptionInterface;
use Symfony\Component\String\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
use Symfony\Component\String\Exception\RuntimeException;

/**
 * Represents a string of abstract Unicode characters.
 *
 * Unicode defines 3 types of "characters" (bytes, code points and grapheme clusters).
 * This class is the abstract type to use as a type-hint when the logic you want to
 * implement is Unicode-aware but doesn't care about code points vs grapheme clusters.
 *
 * @author Nicolas Grekas <p@tchwork.com>
 *
 * @throws ExceptionInterface
 */
abstract class AbstractUnicodeString extends AbstractString
{
    public const NFC = \Normalizer::NFC;
    public const NFD = \Normalizer::NFD;
    public const NFKC = \Normalizer::NFKC;
    public const NFKD = \Normalizer::NFKD;

    // all ASCII letters sorted by typical frequency of occurrence
    private const ASCII = "\x20\x65\x69\x61\x73\x6E\x74\x72\x6F\x6C\x75\x64\x5D\x5B\x63\x6D\x70\x27\x0A\x67\x7C\x68\x76\x2E\x66\x62\x2C\x3A\x3D\x2D\x71\x31\x30\x43\x32\x2A\x79\x78\x29\x28\x4C\x39\x41\x53\x2F\x50\x22\x45\x6A\x4D\x49\x6B\x33\x3E\x35\x54\x3C\x44\x34\x7D\x42\x7B\x38\x46\x77\x52\x36\x37\x55\x47\x4E\x3B\x4A\x7A\x56\x23\x48\x4F\x57\x5F\x26\x21\x4B\x3F\x58\x51\x25\x59\x5C\x09\x5A\x2B\x7E\x5E\x24\x40\x60\x7F\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x0B\x0C\x0D\x0E\x0F\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18\x19\x1A\x1B\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F";

    // the subset of folded case mappings that is not in lower case mappings
    private const FOLD_FROM = ['İ', 'µ', 'ſ', "\xCD\x85", 'ς', 'ϐ', 'ϑ', 'ϕ', 'ϖ', 'ϰ', 'ϱ', 'ϵ', 'ẛ', "\xE1\xBE\xBE", 'ß', 'ŉ', 'ǰ', 'ΐ', 'ΰ', 'և', 'ẖ', 'ẗ', 'ẘ', 'ẙ', 'ẚ', 'ẞ', 'ὐ', 'ὒ', 'ὔ', 'ὖ', 'ᾀ', 'ᾁ', 'ᾂ', 'ᾃ', 'ᾄ', 'ᾅ', 'ᾆ', 'ᾇ', 'ᾈ', 'ᾉ', 'ᾊ', 'ᾋ', 'ᾌ', 'ᾍ', 'ᾎ', 'ᾏ', 'ᾐ', 'ᾑ', 'ᾒ', 'ᾓ', 'ᾔ', 'ᾕ', 'ᾖ', 'ᾗ', 'ᾘ', 'ᾙ', 'ᾚ', 'ᾛ', 'ᾜ', 'ᾝ', 'ᾞ', 'ᾟ', 'ᾠ', 'ᾡ', 'ᾢ', 'ᾣ', 'ᾤ', 'ᾥ', 'ᾦ', 'ᾧ', 'ᾨ', 'ᾩ', 'ᾪ', 'ᾫ', 'ᾬ', 'ᾭ', 'ᾮ', 'ᾯ', 'ᾲ', 'ᾳ', 'ᾴ', 'ᾶ', 'ᾷ', 'ᾼ', 'ῂ', 'ῃ', 'ῄ', 'ῆ', 'ῇ', 'ῌ', 'ῒ', 'ῖ', 'ῗ', 'ῢ', 'ῤ', 'ῦ', 'ῧ', 'ῲ', 'ῳ', 'ῴ', 'ῶ', 'ῷ', 'ῼ', 'ﬀ', 'ﬁ', 'ﬂ', 'ﬃ', 'ﬄ', 'ﬅ', 'ﬆ', 'ﬓ', 'ﬔ', 'ﬕ', 'ﬖ', 'ﬗ'];
    private const FOLD_TO = ['i̇', 'μ', 's', 'ι', 'σ', 'β', 'θ', 'φ', 'π', 'κ', 'ρ', 'ε', 'ṡ', 'ι', 'ss', 'ʼn', 'ǰ', 'ΐ', 'ΰ', 'եւ', 'ẖ', 'ẗ', 'ẘ', 'ẙ', 'aʾ', 'ss', 'ὐ', 'ὒ', 'ὔ', 'ὖ', 'ἀι', 'ἁι', 'ἂι', 'ἃι', 'ἄι', 'ἅι', 'ἆι', 'ἇι', 'ἀι', 'ἁι', 'ἂι', 'ἃι', 'ἄι', 'ἅι', 'ἆι', 'ἇι', 'ἠι', 'ἡι', 'ἢι', 'ἣι', 'ἤι', 'ἥι', 'ἦι', 'ἧι', 'ἠι', 'ἡι', 'ἢι', 'ἣι', 'ἤι', 'ἥι', 'ἦι', 'ἧι', 'ὠι', 'ὡι', 'ὢι', 'ὣι', 'ὤι', 'ὥι', 'ὦι', 'ὧι', 'ὠι', 'ὡι', 'ὢι', 'ὣι', 'ὤι', 'ὥι', 'ὦι', 'ὧι', 'ὰι', 'αι', 'άι', 'ᾶ', 'ᾶι', 'αι', 'ὴι', 'ηι', 'ήι', 'ῆ', 'ῆι', 'ηι', 'ῒ', 'ῖ', 'ῗ', 'ῢ', 'ῤ', 'ῦ', 'ῧ', 'ὼι', 'ωι', 'ώι', 'ῶ', 'ῶι', 'ωι', 'ff', 'fi', 'fl', 'ffi', 'ffl', 'st', 'st', 'մն', 'մե', 'մի', 'վն', 'մխ'];

    // the subset of https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr/blob/master/common/transforms/Latin-ASCII.xml that is not in NFKD
    private const TRANSLIT_FROM = ['Æ', 'Ð', 'Ø', 'Þ', 'ß', 'æ', 'ð', 'ø', 'þ', 'Đ', 'đ', 'Ħ', 'ħ', 'ı', 'ĸ', 'Ŀ', 'ŀ', 'Ł', 'ł', 'ŉ', 'Ŋ', 'ŋ', 'Œ', 'œ', 'Ŧ', 'ŧ', 'ƀ', 'Ɓ', 'Ƃ', 'ƃ', 'Ƈ', 'ƈ', 'Ɖ', 'Ɗ', 'Ƌ', 'ƌ', 'Ɛ', 'Ƒ', 'ƒ', 'Ɠ', 'ƕ', 'Ɩ', 'Ɨ', 'Ƙ', 'ƙ', 'ƚ', 'Ɲ', 'ƞ', 'Ƣ', 'ƣ', 'Ƥ', 'ƥ', 'ƫ', 'Ƭ', 'ƭ', 'Ʈ', 'Ʋ', 'Ƴ', 'ƴ', 'Ƶ', 'ƶ', 'Ǆ', 'ǅ', 'ǆ', 'Ǥ', 'ǥ', 'ȡ', 'Ȥ', 'ȥ', 'ȴ', 'ȵ', 'ȶ', 'ȷ', 'ȸ', 'ȹ', 'Ⱥ', 'Ȼ', 'ȼ', 'Ƚ', 'Ⱦ', 'ȿ', 'ɀ', 'Ƀ', 'Ʉ', 'Ɇ', 'ɇ', 'Ɉ', 'ɉ', 'Ɍ', 'ɍ', 'Ɏ', 'ɏ', 'ɓ', 'ɕ', 'ɖ', 'ɗ', 'ɛ', 'ɟ', 'ɠ', 'ɡ', 'ɢ', 'ɦ', 'ɧ', 'ɨ', 'ɪ', 'ɫ', 'ɬ', 'ɭ', 'ɱ', 'ɲ', 'ɳ', 'ɴ', 'ɶ', 'ɼ', 'ɽ', 'ɾ', 'ʀ', 'ʂ', 'ʈ', 'ʉ', 'ʋ', 'ʏ', 'ʐ', 'ʑ', 'ʙ', 'ʛ', 'ʜ', 'ʝ', 'ʟ', 'ʠ', 'ʣ', 'ʥ', 'ʦ', 'ʪ', 'ʫ', 'ᴀ', 'ᴁ', 'ᴃ', 'ᴄ', 'ᴅ', 'ᴆ', 'ᴇ', 'ᴊ', 'ᴋ', 'ᴌ', 'ᴍ', 'ᴏ', 'ᴘ', 'ᴛ', 'ᴜ', 'ᴠ', 'ᴡ', 'ᴢ', 'ᵫ', 'ᵬ', 'ᵭ', 'ᵮ', 'ᵯ', 'ᵰ', 'ᵱ', 'ᵲ', 'ᵳ', 'ᵴ', 'ᵵ', 'ᵶ', 'ᵺ', 'ᵻ', 'ᵽ', 'ᵾ', 'ᶀ', 'ᶁ', 'ᶂ', 'ᶃ', 'ᶄ', 'ᶅ', 'ᶆ', 'ᶇ', 'ᶈ', 'ᶉ', 'ᶊ', 'ᶌ', 'ᶍ', 'ᶎ', 'ᶏ', 'ᶑ', 'ᶒ', 'ᶓ', 'ᶖ', 'ᶙ', 'ẚ', 'ẜ', 'ẝ', 'ẞ', 'Ỻ', 'ỻ', 'Ỽ', 'ỽ', 'Ỿ', 'ỿ', '©', '®', '₠', '₢', '₣', '₤', '₧', '₺', '₹', 'ℌ', '℞', '㎧', '㎮', '㏆', '㏗', '㏞', '㏟', '¼', '½', '¾', '⅓', '⅔', '⅕', '⅖', '⅗', '⅘', '⅙', '⅚', '⅛', '⅜', '⅝', '⅞', '⅟', '〇', '‘', '’', '‚', '‛', '“', '”', '„', '‟', '′', '″', '〝', '〞', '«', '»', '‹', '›', '‐', '‑', '‒', '–', '—', '―', '︱', '︲', '﹘', '‖', '⁄', '⁅', '⁆', '⁎', '、', '。', '〈', '〉', '《', '》', '〔', '〕', '〘', '〙', '〚', '〛', '︑', '︒', '︹', '︺', '︽', '︾', '︿', '﹀', '﹑', '﹝', '﹞', '｟', '｠', '｡', '､', '×', '÷', '−', '∕', '∖', '∣', '∥', '≪', '≫', '⦅', '⦆'];
    private const TRANSLIT_TO = ['AE', 'D', 'O', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'd', 'o', 'th', 'D', 'd', 'H', 'h', 'i', 'q', 'L', 'l', 'L', 'l', '\'n', 'N', 'n', 'OE', 'oe', 'T', 't', 'b', 'B', 'B', 'b', 'C', 'c', 'D', 'D', 'D', 'd', 'E', 'F', 'f', 'G', 'hv', 'I', 'I', 'K', 'k', 'l', 'N', 'n', 'OI', 'oi', 'P', 'p', 't', 'T', 't', 'T', 'V', 'Y', 'y', 'Z', 'z', 'DZ', 'Dz', 'dz', 'G', 'g', 'd', 'Z', 'z', 'l', 'n', 't', 'j', 'db', 'qp', 'A', 'C', 'c', 'L', 'T', 's', 'z', 'B', 'U', 'E', 'e', 'J', 'j', 'R', 'r', 'Y', 'y', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'e', 'j', 'g', 'g', 'G', 'h', 'h', 'i', 'I', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'n', 'N', 'OE', 'r', 'r', 'r', 'R', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'Y', 'z', 'z', 'B', 'G', 'H', 'j', 'L', 'q', 'dz', 'dz', 'ts', 'ls', 'lz', 'A', 'AE', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'D', 'E', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'O', 'P', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'Z', 'ue', 'b', 'd', 'f', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'r', 'r', 's', 't', 'z', 'th', 'I', 'p', 'U', 'b', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'r', 's', 'v', 'x', 'z', 'a', 'd', 'e', 'e', 'i', 'u', 'a', 's', 's', 'SS', 'LL', 'll', 'V', 'v', 'Y', 'y', '(C)', '(R)', 'CE', 'Cr', 'Fr.', 'L.', 'Pts', 'TL', 'Rs', 'x', 'Rx', 'm/s', 'rad/s', 'C/kg', 'pH', 'V/m', 'A/m', ' 1/4', ' 1/2', ' 3/4', ' 1/3', ' 2/3', ' 1/5', ' 2/5', ' 3/5', ' 4/5', ' 1/6', ' 5/6', ' 1/8', ' 3/8', ' 5/8', ' 7/8', ' 1/', '0', '\'', '\'', ',', '\'', '"', '"', ',,', '"', '\'', '"', '"', '"', '<<', '>>', '<', '>', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', '||', '/', '[', ']', '*', ',', '.', '<', '>', '<<', '>>', '[', ']', '[', ']', '[', ']', ',', '.', '[', ']', '<<', '>>', '<', '>', ',', '[', ']', '((', '))', '.', ',', '*', '/', '-', '/', '\\', '|', '||', '<<', '>>', '((', '))'];

    private static array $transliterators = [];
    private static array $tableZero;
    private static array $tableWide;

    public static function fromCodePoints(int ...$codes): static
    {
        $string = '';

        foreach ($codes as $code) {
            if (0x80 > $code %= 0x200000) {
                $string .= \chr($code);
            } elseif (0x800 > $code) {
                $string .= \chr(0xC0 | $code >> 6).\chr(0x80 | $code & 0x3F);
            } elseif (0x10000 > $code) {
                $string .= \chr(0xE0 | $code >> 12).\chr(0x80 | $code >> 6 & 0x3F).\chr(0x80 | $code & 0x3F);
            } else {
                $string .= \chr(0xF0 | $code >> 18).\chr(0x80 | $code >> 12 & 0x3F).\chr(0x80 | $code >> 6 & 0x3F).\chr(0x80 | $code & 0x3F);
            }
        }

        return new static($string);
    }

    /**
     * Generic UTF-8 to ASCII transliteration.
     *
     * Install the intl extension for best results.
     *
     * @param string[]|\Transliterator[]|\Closure[] $rules See "*-Latin" rules from Transliterator::listIDs()
     */
    public function ascii(array $rules = []): self
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $s = $str->string;
        $str->string = '';

        array_unshift($rules, 'nfd');
        $rules[] = 'latin-ascii';

        if (\function_exists('transliterator_transliterate')) {
            $rules[] = 'any-latin/bgn';
        }

        $rules[] = 'nfkd';
        $rules[] = '[:nonspacing mark:] remove';

        while (\strlen($s) - 1 > $i = strspn($s, self::ASCII)) {
            if (0 < --$i) {
                $str->string .= substr($s, 0, $i);
                $s = substr($s, $i);
            }

            if (!$rule = array_shift($rules)) {
                $rules = []; // An empty rule interrupts the next ones
            }

            if ($rule instanceof \Transliterator) {
                $s = $rule->transliterate($s);
            } elseif ($rule instanceof \Closure) {
                $s = $rule($s);
            } elseif ($rule) {
                if ('nfd' === $rule = strtolower($rule)) {
                    normalizer_is_normalized($s, self::NFD) ?: $s = normalizer_normalize($s, self::NFD);
                } elseif ('nfkd' === $rule) {
                    normalizer_is_normalized($s, self::NFKD) ?: $s = normalizer_normalize($s, self::NFKD);
                } elseif ('[:nonspacing mark:] remove' === $rule) {
                    $s = preg_replace('/\p{Mn}++/u', '', $s);
                } elseif ('latin-ascii' === $rule) {
                    $s = str_replace(self::TRANSLIT_FROM, self::TRANSLIT_TO, $s);
                } elseif ('de-ascii' === $rule) {
                    $s = preg_replace("/([AUO])\u{0308}(?=\p{Ll})/u", '$1e', $s);
                    $s = str_replace(["a\u{0308}", "o\u{0308}", "u\u{0308}", "A\u{0308}", "O\u{0308}", "U\u{0308}"], ['ae', 'oe', 'ue', 'AE', 'OE', 'UE'], $s);
                } elseif (\function_exists('transliterator_transliterate')) {
                    if (null === $transliterator = self::$transliterators[$rule] ??= \Transliterator::create($rule)) {
                        if ('any-latin/bgn' === $rule) {
                            $rule = 'any-latin';
                            $transliterator = self::$transliterators[$rule] ??= \Transliterator::create($rule);
                        }

                        if (null === $transliterator) {
                            throw new InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Unknown transliteration rule "%s".', $rule));
                        }

                        self::$transliterators['any-latin/bgn'] = $transliterator;
                    }

                    $s = $transliterator->transliterate($s);
                }
            } elseif (!\function_exists('iconv')) {
                $s = preg_replace('/[^\x00-\x7F]/u', '?', $s);
            } else {
                $s = @preg_replace_callback('/[^\x00-\x7F]/u', static function ($c) {
                    $c = (string) iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $c[0]);

                    if ('' === $c && '' === iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', '²')) {
                        throw new \LogicException(sprintf('"%s" requires a translit-able iconv implementation, try installing "gnu-libiconv" if you\'re using Alpine Linux.', static::class));
                    }

                    return 1 < \strlen($c) ? ltrim($c, '\'`"^~') : ('' !== $c ? $c : '?');
                }, $s);
            }
        }

        $str->string .= $s;

        return $str;
    }

    public function camel(): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = str_replace(' ', '', preg_replace_callback('/\b.(?!\p{Lu})/u', static function ($m) {
            static $i = 0;

            return 1 === ++$i ? ('İ' === $m[0] ? 'i̇' : mb_strtolower($m[0], 'UTF-8')) : mb_convert_case($m[0], \MB_CASE_TITLE, 'UTF-8');
        }, preg_replace('/[^\pL0-9]++/u', ' ', $this->string)));

        return $str;
    }

    /**
     * @return int[]
     */
    public function codePointsAt(int $offset): array
    {
        $str = $this->slice($offset, 1);

        if ('' === $str->string) {
            return [];
        }

        $codePoints = [];

        foreach (preg_split('//u', $str->string, -1, \PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY) as $c) {
            $codePoints[] = mb_ord($c, 'UTF-8');
        }

        return $codePoints;
    }

    public function folded(bool $compat = true): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;

        if (!$compat || !\defined('Normalizer::NFKC_CF')) {
            $str->string = normalizer_normalize($str->string, $compat ? \Normalizer::NFKC : \Normalizer::NFC);
            $str->string = mb_strtolower(str_replace(self::FOLD_FROM, self::FOLD_TO, $str->string), 'UTF-8');
        } else {
            $str->string = normalizer_normalize($str->string, \Normalizer::NFKC_CF);
        }

        return $str;
    }

    public function join(array $strings, ?string $lastGlue = null): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;

        $tail = null !== $lastGlue && 1 < \count($strings) ? $lastGlue.array_pop($strings) : '';
        $str->string = implode($this->string, $strings).$tail;

        if (!preg_match('//u', $str->string)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        }

        return $str;
    }

    public function lower(): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = mb_strtolower(str_replace('İ', 'i̇', $str->string), 'UTF-8');

        return $str;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $locale In the format language_region (e.g. tr_TR)
     */
    public function localeLower(string $locale): static
    {
        if (null !== $transliterator = $this->getLocaleTransliterator($locale, 'Lower')) {
            $str = clone $this;
            $str->string = $transliterator->transliterate($str->string);

            return $str;
        }

        return $this->lower();
    }

    public function match(string $regexp, int $flags = 0, int $offset = 0): array
    {
        $match = ((\PREG_PATTERN_ORDER | \PREG_SET_ORDER) & $flags) ? 'preg_match_all' : 'preg_match';

        if ($this->ignoreCase) {
            $regexp .= 'i';
        }

        set_error_handler(static fn ($t, $m) => throw new InvalidArgumentException($m));

        try {
            if (false === $match($regexp.'u', $this->string, $matches, $flags | \PREG_UNMATCHED_AS_NULL, $offset)) {
                throw new RuntimeException('Matching failed with error: '.preg_last_error_msg());
            }
        } finally {
            restore_error_handler();
        }

        return $matches;
    }

    public function normalize(int $form = self::NFC): static
    {
        if (!\in_array($form, [self::NFC, self::NFD, self::NFKC, self::NFKD])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Unsupported normalization form.');
        }

        $str = clone $this;
        normalizer_is_normalized($str->string, $form) ?: $str->string = normalizer_normalize($str->string, $form);

        return $str;
    }

    public function padBoth(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): static
    {
        if ('' === $padStr || !preg_match('//u', $padStr)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        }

        $pad = clone $this;
        $pad->string = $padStr;

        return $this->pad($length, $pad, \STR_PAD_BOTH);
    }

    public function padEnd(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): static
    {
        if ('' === $padStr || !preg_match('//u', $padStr)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        }

        $pad = clone $this;
        $pad->string = $padStr;

        return $this->pad($length, $pad, \STR_PAD_RIGHT);
    }

    public function padStart(int $length, string $padStr = ' '): static
    {
        if ('' === $padStr || !preg_match('//u', $padStr)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        }

        $pad = clone $this;
        $pad->string = $padStr;

        return $this->pad($length, $pad, \STR_PAD_LEFT);
    }

    public function replaceMatches(string $fromRegexp, string|callable $to): static
    {
        if ($this->ignoreCase) {
            $fromRegexp .= 'i';
        }

        if (\is_array($to) || $to instanceof \Closure) {
            $replace = 'preg_replace_callback';
            $to = static function (array $m) use ($to): string {
                $to = $to($m);

                if ('' !== $to && (!\is_string($to) || !preg_match('//u', $to))) {
                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Replace callback must return a valid UTF-8 string.');
                }

                return $to;
            };
        } elseif ('' !== $to && !preg_match('//u', $to)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 string.');
        } else {
            $replace = 'preg_replace';
        }

        set_error_handler(static fn ($t, $m) => throw new InvalidArgumentException($m));

        try {
            if (null === $string = $replace($fromRegexp.'u', $to, $this->string)) {
                $lastError = preg_last_error();

                foreach (get_defined_constants(true)['pcre'] as $k => $v) {
                    if ($lastError === $v && str_ends_with($k, '_ERROR')) {
                        throw new RuntimeException('Matching failed with '.$k.'.');
                    }
                }

                throw new RuntimeException('Matching failed with unknown error code.');
            }
        } finally {
            restore_error_handler();
        }

        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = $string;

        return $str;
    }

    public function reverse(): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = implode('', array_reverse(preg_split('/(\X)/u', $str->string, -1, \PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE | \PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)));

        return $str;
    }

    public function snake(): static
    {
        $str = $this->camel();
        $str->string = mb_strtolower(preg_replace(['/(\p{Lu}+)(\p{Lu}\p{Ll})/u', '/([\p{Ll}0-9])(\p{Lu})/u'], '\1_\2', $str->string), 'UTF-8');

        return $str;
    }

    public function title(bool $allWords = false): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;

        $limit = $allWords ? -1 : 1;

        $str->string = preg_replace_callback('/\b./u', static fn (array $m): string => mb_convert_case($m[0], \MB_CASE_TITLE, 'UTF-8'), $str->string, $limit);

        return $str;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $locale In the format language_region (e.g. tr_TR)
     */
    public function localeTitle(string $locale): static
    {
        if (null !== $transliterator = $this->getLocaleTransliterator($locale, 'Title')) {
            $str = clone $this;
            $str->string = $transliterator->transliterate($str->string);

            return $str;
        }

        return $this->title();
    }

    public function trim(string $chars = " \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}"): static
    {
        if (" \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}" !== $chars && !preg_match('//u', $chars)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 chars.');
        }
        $chars = preg_quote($chars);

        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = preg_replace("{^[$chars]++|[$chars]++$}uD", '', $str->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trimEnd(string $chars = " \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}"): static
    {
        if (" \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}" !== $chars && !preg_match('//u', $chars)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 chars.');
        }
        $chars = preg_quote($chars);

        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = preg_replace("{[$chars]++$}uD", '', $str->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trimPrefix($prefix): static
    {
        if (!$this->ignoreCase) {
            return parent::trimPrefix($prefix);
        }

        $str = clone $this;

        if ($prefix instanceof \Traversable) {
            $prefix = iterator_to_array($prefix, false);
        } elseif ($prefix instanceof parent) {
            $prefix = $prefix->string;
        }

        $prefix = implode('|', array_map('preg_quote', (array) $prefix));
        $str->string = preg_replace("{^(?:$prefix)}iuD", '', $this->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trimStart(string $chars = " \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}"): static
    {
        if (" \t\n\r\0\x0B\x0C\u{A0}\u{FEFF}" !== $chars && !preg_match('//u', $chars)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UTF-8 chars.');
        }
        $chars = preg_quote($chars);

        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = preg_replace("{^[$chars]++}uD", '', $str->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function trimSuffix($suffix): static
    {
        if (!$this->ignoreCase) {
            return parent::trimSuffix($suffix);
        }

        $str = clone $this;

        if ($suffix instanceof \Traversable) {
            $suffix = iterator_to_array($suffix, false);
        } elseif ($suffix instanceof parent) {
            $suffix = $suffix->string;
        }

        $suffix = implode('|', array_map('preg_quote', (array) $suffix));
        $str->string = preg_replace("{(?:$suffix)$}iuD", '', $this->string);

        return $str;
    }

    public function upper(): static
    {
        $str = clone $this;
        $str->string = mb_strtoupper($str->string, 'UTF-8');

        return $str;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $locale In the format language_region (e.g. tr_TR)
     */
    public function localeUpper(string $locale): static
    {
        if (null !== $transliterator = $this->getLocaleTransliterator($locale, 'Upper')) {
            $str = clone $this;
            $str->string = $transliterator->transliterate($str->string);

            return $str;
        }

        return $this->upper();
    }

    public function width(bool $ignoreAnsiDecoration = true): int
    {
        $width = 0;
        $s = str_replace(["\x00", "\x05", "\x07"], '', $this->string);

        if (str_contains($s, "\r")) {
            $s = str_replace(["\r\n", "\r"], "\n", $s);
        }

        if (!$ignoreAnsiDecoration) {
            $s = preg_replace('/[\p{Cc}\x7F]++/u', '', $s);
        }

        foreach (explode("\n", $s) as $s) {
            if ($ignoreAnsiDecoration) {
                $s = preg_replace('/(?:\x1B(?:
                    \[ [\x30-\x3F]*+ [\x20-\x2F]*+ [\x40-\x7E]
                    | [P\]X^_] .*? \x1B\\\\
                    | [\x41-\x7E]
                )|[\p{Cc}\x7F]++)/xu', '', $s);
            }

            $lineWidth = $this->wcswidth($s);

            if ($lineWidth > $width) {
                $width = $lineWidth;
            }
        }

        return $width;
    }

    private function pad(int $len, self $pad, int $type): static
    {
        $sLen = $this->length();

        if ($len <= $sLen) {
            return clone $this;
        }

        $padLen = $pad->length();
        $freeLen = $len - $sLen;
        $len = $freeLen % $padLen;

        switch ($type) {
            case \STR_PAD_RIGHT:
                return $this->append(str_repeat($pad->string, intdiv($freeLen, $padLen)).($len ? $pad->slice(0, $len) : ''));

            case \STR_PAD_LEFT:
                return $this->prepend(str_repeat($pad->string, intdiv($freeLen, $padLen)).($len ? $pad->slice(0, $len) : ''));

            case \STR_PAD_BOTH:
                $freeLen /= 2;

                $rightLen = ceil($freeLen);
                $len = $rightLen % $padLen;
                $str = $this->append(str_repeat($pad->string, intdiv($rightLen, $padLen)).($len ? $pad->slice(0, $len) : ''));

                $leftLen = floor($freeLen);
                $len = $leftLen % $padLen;

                return $str->prepend(str_repeat($pad->string, intdiv($leftLen, $padLen)).($len ? $pad->slice(0, $len) : ''));

            default:
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid padding type.');
        }
    }

    /**
     * Based on https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth, a Python implementation of https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c.
     */
    private function wcswidth(string $string): int
    {
        $width = 0;

        foreach (preg_split('//u', $string, -1, \PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY) as $c) {
            $codePoint = mb_ord($c, 'UTF-8');

            if (0 === $codePoint // NULL
                || 0x034F === $codePoint // COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER
                || (0x200B <= $codePoint && 0x200F >= $codePoint) // ZERO WIDTH SPACE to RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK
                || 0x2028 === $codePoint // LINE SEPARATOR
                || 0x2029 === $codePoint // PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR
                || (0x202A <= $codePoint && 0x202E >= $codePoint) // LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING to RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE
                || (0x2060 <= $codePoint && 0x2063 >= $codePoint) // WORD JOINER to INVISIBLE SEPARATOR
            ) {
                continue;
            }

            // Non printable characters
            if (32 > $codePoint // C0 control characters
                || (0x07F <= $codePoint && 0x0A0 > $codePoint) // C1 control characters and DEL
            ) {
                return -1;
            }

            self::$tableZero ??= require __DIR__.'/Resources/data/wcswidth_table_zero.php';

            if ($codePoint >= self::$tableZero[0][0] && $codePoint <= self::$tableZero[$ubound = \count(self::$tableZero) - 1][1]) {
                $lbound = 0;
                while ($ubound >= $lbound) {
                    $mid = floor(($lbound + $ubound) / 2);

                    if ($codePoint > self::$tableZero[$mid][1]) {
                        $lbound = $mid + 1;
                    } elseif ($codePoint < self::$tableZero[$mid][0]) {
                        $ubound = $mid - 1;
                    } else {
                        continue 2;
                    }
                }
            }

            self::$tableWide ??= require __DIR__.'/Resources/data/wcswidth_table_wide.php';

            if ($codePoint >= self::$tableWide[0][0] && $codePoint <= self::$tableWide[$ubound = \count(self::$tableWide) - 1][1]) {
                $lbound = 0;
                while ($ubound >= $lbound) {
                    $mid = floor(($lbound + $ubound) / 2);

                    if ($codePoint > self::$tableWide[$mid][1]) {
                        $lbound = $mid + 1;
                    } elseif ($codePoint < self::$tableWide[$mid][0]) {
                        $ubound = $mid - 1;
                    } else {
                        $width += 2;

                        continue 2;
                    }
                }
            }

            ++$width;
        }

        return $width;
    }

    private function getLocaleTransliterator(string $locale, string $id): ?\Transliterator
    {
        $rule = $locale.'-'.$id;
        if (\array_key_exists($rule, self::$transliterators)) {
            return self::$transliterators[$rule];
        }

        if (null !== $transliterator = self::$transliterators[$rule] = \Transliterator::create($rule)) {
            return $transliterator;
        }

        // Try to find a parent locale (nl_BE -> nl)
        if (false === $i = strpos($locale, '_')) {
            return null;
        }

        $parentRule = substr_replace($locale, '-'.$id, $i);

        // Parent locale was already cached, return and store as current locale
        if (\array_key_exists($parentRule, self::$transliterators)) {
            return self::$transliterators[$rule] = self::$transliterators[$parentRule];
        }

        // Create transliterator based on parent locale and cache the result on both initial and parent locale values
        $transliterator = \Transliterator::create($parentRule);

        return self::$transliterators[$rule] = self::$transliterators[$parentRule] = $transliterator;
    }
}

.NET Framework

Project Request

ProjectC

Vehicle Maintenance

Movie Navigator

Customers Exchange

ATM

.NET Core

Mail Daemon

Custom

Buns of code

PHP

Mediabox

Loan Castle

Content Management

Laravel

Phone Check

Frontend

Forex Wall

Business projects

Certification Center

Amerikas Auto

Pet projects

Geolocation Assistant

Web Dynamics

Blackball

Good old times

DOS Clock

BrainOut

Airport Administrator

Atomizer

Mediabox