<?php

namespace Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Concerns;

use BackedEnum;
use Brick\Math\BigDecimal;
use Brick\Math\Exception\MathException as BrickMathException;
use Brick\Math\RoundingMode;
use Carbon\CarbonImmutable;
use Carbon\CarbonInterface;
use DateTimeImmutable;
use DateTimeInterface;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\Castable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Database\Eloquent\CastsInboundAttributes;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\AsArrayObject;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\AsCollection;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\AsEncryptedArrayObject;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\AsEncryptedCollection;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\AsEnumArrayObject;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\AsEnumCollection;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Attribute;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Casts\Json;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\InvalidCastException;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\JsonEncodingException;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MissingAttributeException;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Relation;
use Illuminate\Database\LazyLoadingViolationException;
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection as BaseCollection;
use Illuminate\Support\Exceptions\MathException;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Date;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use LogicException;
use ReflectionClass;
use ReflectionMethod;
use ReflectionNamedType;
use RuntimeException;
use ValueError;

trait HasAttributes
{
    /**
     * The model's attributes.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $attributes = [];

    /**
     * The model attribute's original state.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $original = [];

    /**
     * The changed model attributes.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $changes = [];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be cast.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $casts = [];

    /**
     * The attributes that have been cast using custom classes.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $classCastCache = [];

    /**
     * The attributes that have been cast using "Attribute" return type mutators.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $attributeCastCache = [];

    /**
     * The built-in, primitive cast types supported by Eloquent.
     *
     * @var string[]
     */
    protected static $primitiveCastTypes = [
        'array',
        'bool',
        'boolean',
        'collection',
        'custom_datetime',
        'date',
        'datetime',
        'decimal',
        'double',
        'encrypted',
        'encrypted:array',
        'encrypted:collection',
        'encrypted:json',
        'encrypted:object',
        'float',
        'hashed',
        'immutable_date',
        'immutable_datetime',
        'immutable_custom_datetime',
        'int',
        'integer',
        'json',
        'object',
        'real',
        'string',
        'timestamp',
    ];

    /**
     * The storage format of the model's date columns.
     *
     * @var string|null
     */
    protected $dateFormat;

    /**
     * The accessors to append to the model's array form.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $appends = [];

    /**
     * Indicates whether attributes are snake cased on arrays.
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    public static $snakeAttributes = true;

    /**
     * The cache of the mutated attributes for each class.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $mutatorCache = [];

    /**
     * The cache of the "Attribute" return type marked mutated attributes for each class.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $attributeMutatorCache = [];

    /**
     * The cache of the "Attribute" return type marked mutated, gettable attributes for each class.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $getAttributeMutatorCache = [];

    /**
     * The cache of the "Attribute" return type marked mutated, settable attributes for each class.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $setAttributeMutatorCache = [];

    /**
     * The cache of the converted cast types.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $castTypeCache = [];

    /**
     * The encrypter instance that is used to encrypt attributes.
     *
     * @var \Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter|null
     */
    public static $encrypter;

    /**
     * Initialize the trait.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function initializeHasAttributes()
    {
        $this->casts = $this->ensureCastsAreStringValues(
            array_merge($this->casts, $this->casts()),
        );
    }

    /**
     * Convert the model's attributes to an array.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function attributesToArray()
    {
        // If an attribute is a date, we will cast it to a string after converting it
        // to a DateTime / Carbon instance. This is so we will get some consistent
        // formatting while accessing attributes vs. arraying / JSONing a model.
        $attributes = $this->addDateAttributesToArray(
            $attributes = $this->getArrayableAttributes()
        );

        $attributes = $this->addMutatedAttributesToArray(
            $attributes, $mutatedAttributes = $this->getMutatedAttributes()
        );

        // Next we will handle any casts that have been setup for this model and cast
        // the values to their appropriate type. If the attribute has a mutator we
        // will not perform the cast on those attributes to avoid any confusion.
        $attributes = $this->addCastAttributesToArray(
            $attributes, $mutatedAttributes
        );

        // Here we will grab all of the appended, calculated attributes to this model
        // as these attributes are not really in the attributes array, but are run
        // when we need to array or JSON the model for convenience to the coder.
        foreach ($this->getArrayableAppends() as $key) {
            $attributes[$key] = $this->mutateAttributeForArray($key, null);
        }

        return $attributes;
    }

    /**
     * Add the date attributes to the attributes array.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @return array
     */
    protected function addDateAttributesToArray(array $attributes)
    {
        foreach ($this->getDates() as $key) {
            if (! isset($attributes[$key])) {
                continue;
            }

            $attributes[$key] = $this->serializeDate(
                $this->asDateTime($attributes[$key])
            );
        }

        return $attributes;
    }

    /**
     * Add the mutated attributes to the attributes array.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  array  $mutatedAttributes
     * @return array
     */
    protected function addMutatedAttributesToArray(array $attributes, array $mutatedAttributes)
    {
        foreach ($mutatedAttributes as $key) {
            // We want to spin through all the mutated attributes for this model and call
            // the mutator for the attribute. We cache off every mutated attributes so
            // we don't have to constantly check on attributes that actually change.
            if (! array_key_exists($key, $attributes)) {
                continue;
            }

            // Next, we will call the mutator for this attribute so that we can get these
            // mutated attribute's actual values. After we finish mutating each of the
            // attributes we will return this final array of the mutated attributes.
            $attributes[$key] = $this->mutateAttributeForArray(
                $key, $attributes[$key]
            );
        }

        return $attributes;
    }

    /**
     * Add the casted attributes to the attributes array.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  array  $mutatedAttributes
     * @return array
     */
    protected function addCastAttributesToArray(array $attributes, array $mutatedAttributes)
    {
        foreach ($this->getCasts() as $key => $value) {
            if (! array_key_exists($key, $attributes) ||
                in_array($key, $mutatedAttributes)) {
                continue;
            }

            // Here we will cast the attribute. Then, if the cast is a date or datetime cast
            // then we will serialize the date for the array. This will convert the dates
            // to strings based on the date format specified for these Eloquent models.
            $attributes[$key] = $this->castAttribute(
                $key, $attributes[$key]
            );

            // If the attribute cast was a date or a datetime, we will serialize the date as
            // a string. This allows the developers to customize how dates are serialized
            // into an array without affecting how they are persisted into the storage.
            if (isset($attributes[$key]) && in_array($value, ['date', 'datetime', 'immutable_date', 'immutable_datetime'])) {
                $attributes[$key] = $this->serializeDate($attributes[$key]);
            }

            if (isset($attributes[$key]) && ($this->isCustomDateTimeCast($value) ||
                $this->isImmutableCustomDateTimeCast($value))) {
                $attributes[$key] = $attributes[$key]->format(explode(':', $value, 2)[1]);
            }

            if ($attributes[$key] instanceof DateTimeInterface &&
                $this->isClassCastable($key)) {
                $attributes[$key] = $this->serializeDate($attributes[$key]);
            }

            if (isset($attributes[$key]) && $this->isClassSerializable($key)) {
                $attributes[$key] = $this->serializeClassCastableAttribute($key, $attributes[$key]);
            }

            if ($this->isEnumCastable($key) && (! ($attributes[$key] ?? null) instanceof Arrayable)) {
                $attributes[$key] = isset($attributes[$key]) ? $this->getStorableEnumValue($this->getCasts()[$key], $attributes[$key]) : null;
            }

            if ($attributes[$key] instanceof Arrayable) {
                $attributes[$key] = $attributes[$key]->toArray();
            }
        }

        return $attributes;
    }

    /**
     * Get an attribute array of all arrayable attributes.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getArrayableAttributes()
    {
        return $this->getArrayableItems($this->getAttributes());
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the appendable values that are arrayable.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getArrayableAppends()
    {
        if (! count($this->appends)) {
            return [];
        }

        return $this->getArrayableItems(
            array_combine($this->appends, $this->appends)
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get the model's relationships in array form.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function relationsToArray()
    {
        $attributes = [];

        foreach ($this->getArrayableRelations() as $key => $value) {
            // If the values implement the Arrayable interface we can just call this
            // toArray method on the instances which will convert both models and
            // collections to their proper array form and we'll set the values.
            if ($value instanceof Arrayable) {
                $relation = $value->toArray();
            }

            // If the value is null, we'll still go ahead and set it in this list of
            // attributes, since null is used to represent empty relationships if
            // it has a has one or belongs to type relationships on the models.
            elseif (is_null($value)) {
                $relation = $value;
            }

            // If the relationships snake-casing is enabled, we will snake case this
            // key so that the relation attribute is snake cased in this returned
            // array to the developers, making this consistent with attributes.
            if (static::$snakeAttributes) {
                $key = Str::snake($key);
            }

            // If the relation value has been set, we will set it on this attributes
            // list for returning. If it was not arrayable or null, we'll not set
            // the value on the array because it is some type of invalid value.
            if (array_key_exists('relation', get_defined_vars())) { // check if $relation is in scope (could be null)
                $attributes[$key] = $relation ?? null;
            }

            unset($relation);
        }

        return $attributes;
    }

    /**
     * Get an attribute array of all arrayable relations.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getArrayableRelations()
    {
        return $this->getArrayableItems($this->relations);
    }

    /**
     * Get an attribute array of all arrayable values.
     *
     * @param  array  $values
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getArrayableItems(array $values)
    {
        if (count($this->getVisible()) > 0) {
            $values = array_intersect_key($values, array_flip($this->getVisible()));
        }

        if (count($this->getHidden()) > 0) {
            $values = array_diff_key($values, array_flip($this->getHidden()));
        }

        return $values;
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether an attribute exists on the model.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAttribute($key)
    {
        if (! $key) {
            return false;
        }

        return array_key_exists($key, $this->attributes) ||
            array_key_exists($key, $this->casts) ||
            $this->hasGetMutator($key) ||
            $this->hasAttributeMutator($key) ||
            $this->isClassCastable($key);
    }

    /**
     * Get an attribute from the model.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getAttribute($key)
    {
        if (! $key) {
            return;
        }

        // If the attribute exists in the attribute array or has a "get" mutator we will
        // get the attribute's value. Otherwise, we will proceed as if the developers
        // are asking for a relationship's value. This covers both types of values.
        if ($this->hasAttribute($key)) {
            return $this->getAttributeValue($key);
        }

        // Here we will determine if the model base class itself contains this given key
        // since we don't want to treat any of those methods as relationships because
        // they are all intended as helper methods and none of these are relations.
        if (method_exists(self::class, $key)) {
            return $this->throwMissingAttributeExceptionIfApplicable($key);
        }

        return $this->isRelation($key) || $this->relationLoaded($key)
                    ? $this->getRelationValue($key)
                    : $this->throwMissingAttributeExceptionIfApplicable($key);
    }

    /**
     * Either throw a missing attribute exception or return null depending on Eloquent's configuration.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return null
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\MissingAttributeException
     */
    protected function throwMissingAttributeExceptionIfApplicable($key)
    {
        if ($this->exists &&
            ! $this->wasRecentlyCreated &&
            static::preventsAccessingMissingAttributes()) {
            if (isset(static::$missingAttributeViolationCallback)) {
                return call_user_func(static::$missingAttributeViolationCallback, $this, $key);
            }

            throw new MissingAttributeException($this, $key);
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get a plain attribute (not a relationship).
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getAttributeValue($key)
    {
        return $this->transformModelValue($key, $this->getAttributeFromArray($key));
    }

    /**
     * Get an attribute from the $attributes array.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function getAttributeFromArray($key)
    {
        return $this->getAttributes()[$key] ?? null;
    }

    /**
     * Get a relationship.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getRelationValue($key)
    {
        // If the key already exists in the relationships array, it just means the
        // relationship has already been loaded, so we'll just return it out of
        // here because there is no need to query within the relations twice.
        if ($this->relationLoaded($key)) {
            return $this->relations[$key];
        }

        if (! $this->isRelation($key)) {
            return;
        }

        if ($this->preventsLazyLoading) {
            $this->handleLazyLoadingViolation($key);
        }

        // If the "attribute" exists as a method on the model, we will just assume
        // it is a relationship and will load and return results from the query
        // and hydrate the relationship's value on the "relationships" array.
        return $this->getRelationshipFromMethod($key);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given key is a relationship method on the model.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isRelation($key)
    {
        if ($this->hasAttributeMutator($key)) {
            return false;
        }

        return method_exists($this, $key) ||
               $this->relationResolver(static::class, $key);
    }

    /**
     * Handle a lazy loading violation.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function handleLazyLoadingViolation($key)
    {
        if (isset(static::$lazyLoadingViolationCallback)) {
            return call_user_func(static::$lazyLoadingViolationCallback, $this, $key);
        }

        if (! $this->exists || $this->wasRecentlyCreated) {
            return;
        }

        throw new LazyLoadingViolationException($this, $key);
    }

    /**
     * Get a relationship value from a method.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \LogicException
     */
    protected function getRelationshipFromMethod($method)
    {
        $relation = $this->$method();

        if (! $relation instanceof Relation) {
            if (is_null($relation)) {
                throw new LogicException(sprintf(
                    '%s::%s must return a relationship instance, but "null" was returned. Was the "return" keyword used?', static::class, $method
                ));
            }

            throw new LogicException(sprintf(
                '%s::%s must return a relationship instance.', static::class, $method
            ));
        }

        return tap($relation->getResults(), function ($results) use ($method) {
            $this->setRelation($method, $results);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a get mutator exists for an attribute.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasGetMutator($key)
    {
        return method_exists($this, 'get'.Str::studly($key).'Attribute');
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a "Attribute" return type marked mutator exists for an attribute.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAttributeMutator($key)
    {
        if (isset(static::$attributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key])) {
            return static::$attributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key];
        }

        if (! method_exists($this, $method = Str::camel($key))) {
            return static::$attributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] = false;
        }

        $returnType = (new ReflectionMethod($this, $method))->getReturnType();

        return static::$attributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] =
                    $returnType instanceof ReflectionNamedType &&
                    $returnType->getName() === Attribute::class;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a "Attribute" return type marked get mutator exists for an attribute.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAttributeGetMutator($key)
    {
        if (isset(static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key])) {
            return static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key];
        }

        if (! $this->hasAttributeMutator($key)) {
            return static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] = false;
        }

        return static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] = is_callable($this->{Str::camel($key)}()->get);
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of an attribute using its mutator.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function mutateAttribute($key, $value)
    {
        return $this->{'get'.Str::studly($key).'Attribute'}($value);
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of an "Attribute" return type marked attribute using its mutator.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function mutateAttributeMarkedAttribute($key, $value)
    {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $this->attributeCastCache)) {
            return $this->attributeCastCache[$key];
        }

        $attribute = $this->{Str::camel($key)}();

        $value = call_user_func($attribute->get ?: function ($value) {
            return $value;
        }, $value, $this->attributes);

        if ($attribute->withCaching || (is_object($value) && $attribute->withObjectCaching)) {
            $this->attributeCastCache[$key] = $value;
        } else {
            unset($this->attributeCastCache[$key]);
        }

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of an attribute using its mutator for array conversion.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function mutateAttributeForArray($key, $value)
    {
        if ($this->isClassCastable($key)) {
            $value = $this->getClassCastableAttributeValue($key, $value);
        } elseif (isset(static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key]) &&
                  static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[get_class($this)][$key] === true) {
            $value = $this->mutateAttributeMarkedAttribute($key, $value);

            $value = $value instanceof DateTimeInterface
                        ? $this->serializeDate($value)
                        : $value;
        } else {
            $value = $this->mutateAttribute($key, $value);
        }

        return $value instanceof Arrayable ? $value->toArray() : $value;
    }

    /**
     * Merge new casts with existing casts on the model.
     *
     * @param  array  $casts
     * @return $this
     */
    public function mergeCasts($casts)
    {
        $casts = $this->ensureCastsAreStringValues($casts);

        $this->casts = array_merge($this->casts, $casts);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that the given casts are strings.
     *
     * @param  array  $casts
     * @return array
     */
    protected function ensureCastsAreStringValues($casts)
    {
        foreach ($casts as $attribute => $cast) {
            $casts[$attribute] = match (true) {
                is_array($cast) => value(function () use ($cast) {
                    if (count($cast) === 1) {
                        return $cast[0];
                    }

                    [$cast, $arguments] = [array_shift($cast), $cast];

                    return $cast.':'.implode(',', $arguments);
                }),
                default => $cast,
            };
        }

        return $casts;
    }

    /**
     * Cast an attribute to a native PHP type.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function castAttribute($key, $value)
    {
        $castType = $this->getCastType($key);

        if (is_null($value) && in_array($castType, static::$primitiveCastTypes)) {
            return $value;
        }

        // If the key is one of the encrypted castable types, we'll first decrypt
        // the value and update the cast type so we may leverage the following
        // logic for casting this value to any additionally specified types.
        if ($this->isEncryptedCastable($key)) {
            $value = $this->fromEncryptedString($value);

            $castType = Str::after($castType, 'encrypted:');
        }

        switch ($castType) {
            case 'int':
            case 'integer':
                return (int) $value;
            case 'real':
            case 'float':
            case 'double':
                return $this->fromFloat($value);
            case 'decimal':
                return $this->asDecimal($value, explode(':', $this->getCasts()[$key], 2)[1]);
            case 'string':
                return (string) $value;
            case 'bool':
            case 'boolean':
                return (bool) $value;
            case 'object':
                return $this->fromJson($value, true);
            case 'array':
            case 'json':
                return $this->fromJson($value);
            case 'collection':
                return new BaseCollection($this->fromJson($value));
            case 'date':
                return $this->asDate($value);
            case 'datetime':
            case 'custom_datetime':
                return $this->asDateTime($value);
            case 'immutable_date':
                return $this->asDate($value)->toImmutable();
            case 'immutable_custom_datetime':
            case 'immutable_datetime':
                return $this->asDateTime($value)->toImmutable();
            case 'timestamp':
                return $this->asTimestamp($value);
        }

        if ($this->isEnumCastable($key)) {
            return $this->getEnumCastableAttributeValue($key, $value);
        }

        if ($this->isClassCastable($key)) {
            return $this->getClassCastableAttributeValue($key, $value);
        }

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Cast the given attribute using a custom cast class.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function getClassCastableAttributeValue($key, $value)
    {
        $caster = $this->resolveCasterClass($key);

        $objectCachingDisabled = $caster->withoutObjectCaching ?? false;

        if (isset($this->classCastCache[$key]) && ! $objectCachingDisabled) {
            return $this->classCastCache[$key];
        } else {
            $value = $caster instanceof CastsInboundAttributes
                ? $value
                : $caster->get($this, $key, $value, $this->attributes);

            if ($caster instanceof CastsInboundAttributes ||
                ! is_object($value) ||
                $objectCachingDisabled) {
                unset($this->classCastCache[$key]);
            } else {
                $this->classCastCache[$key] = $value;
            }

            return $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Cast the given attribute to an enum.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function getEnumCastableAttributeValue($key, $value)
    {
        if (is_null($value)) {
            return;
        }

        $castType = $this->getCasts()[$key];

        if ($value instanceof $castType) {
            return $value;
        }

        return $this->getEnumCaseFromValue($castType, $value);
    }

    /**
     * Get the type of cast for a model attribute.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getCastType($key)
    {
        $castType = $this->getCasts()[$key];

        if (isset(static::$castTypeCache[$castType])) {
            return static::$castTypeCache[$castType];
        }

        if ($this->isCustomDateTimeCast($castType)) {
            $convertedCastType = 'custom_datetime';
        } elseif ($this->isImmutableCustomDateTimeCast($castType)) {
            $convertedCastType = 'immutable_custom_datetime';
        } elseif ($this->isDecimalCast($castType)) {
            $convertedCastType = 'decimal';
        } elseif (class_exists($castType)) {
            $convertedCastType = $castType;
        } else {
            $convertedCastType = trim(strtolower($castType));
        }

        return static::$castTypeCache[$castType] = $convertedCastType;
    }

    /**
     * Increment or decrement the given attribute using the custom cast class.
     *
     * @param  string  $method
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function deviateClassCastableAttribute($method, $key, $value)
    {
        return $this->resolveCasterClass($key)->{$method}(
            $this, $key, $value, $this->attributes
        );
    }

    /**
     * Serialize the given attribute using the custom cast class.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function serializeClassCastableAttribute($key, $value)
    {
        return $this->resolveCasterClass($key)->serialize(
            $this, $key, $value, $this->attributes
        );
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the cast type is a custom date time cast.
     *
     * @param  string  $cast
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isCustomDateTimeCast($cast)
    {
        return str_starts_with($cast, 'date:') ||
                str_starts_with($cast, 'datetime:');
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the cast type is an immutable custom date time cast.
     *
     * @param  string  $cast
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isImmutableCustomDateTimeCast($cast)
    {
        return str_starts_with($cast, 'immutable_date:') ||
                str_starts_with($cast, 'immutable_datetime:');
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the cast type is a decimal cast.
     *
     * @param  string  $cast
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isDecimalCast($cast)
    {
        return str_starts_with($cast, 'decimal:');
    }

    /**
     * Set a given attribute on the model.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function setAttribute($key, $value)
    {
        // First we will check for the presence of a mutator for the set operation
        // which simply lets the developers tweak the attribute as it is set on
        // this model, such as "json_encoding" a listing of data for storage.
        if ($this->hasSetMutator($key)) {
            return $this->setMutatedAttributeValue($key, $value);
        } elseif ($this->hasAttributeSetMutator($key)) {
            return $this->setAttributeMarkedMutatedAttributeValue($key, $value);
        }

        // If an attribute is listed as a "date", we'll convert it from a DateTime
        // instance into a form proper for storage on the database tables using
        // the connection grammar's date format. We will auto set the values.
        elseif (! is_null($value) && $this->isDateAttribute($key)) {
            $value = $this->fromDateTime($value);
        }

        if ($this->isEnumCastable($key)) {
            $this->setEnumCastableAttribute($key, $value);

            return $this;
        }

        if ($this->isClassCastable($key)) {
            $this->setClassCastableAttribute($key, $value);

            return $this;
        }

        if (! is_null($value) && $this->isJsonCastable($key)) {
            $value = $this->castAttributeAsJson($key, $value);
        }

        // If this attribute contains a JSON ->, we'll set the proper value in the
        // attribute's underlying array. This takes care of properly nesting an
        // attribute in the array's value in the case of deeply nested items.
        if (str_contains($key, '->')) {
            return $this->fillJsonAttribute($key, $value);
        }

        if (! is_null($value) && $this->isEncryptedCastable($key)) {
            $value = $this->castAttributeAsEncryptedString($key, $value);
        }

        if (! is_null($value) && $this->hasCast($key, 'hashed')) {
            $value = $this->castAttributeAsHashedString($key, $value);
        }

        $this->attributes[$key] = $value;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a set mutator exists for an attribute.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasSetMutator($key)
    {
        return method_exists($this, 'set'.Str::studly($key).'Attribute');
    }

    /**
     * Determine if an "Attribute" return type marked set mutator exists for an attribute.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAttributeSetMutator($key)
    {
        $class = get_class($this);

        if (isset(static::$setAttributeMutatorCache[$class][$key])) {
            return static::$setAttributeMutatorCache[$class][$key];
        }

        if (! method_exists($this, $method = Str::camel($key))) {
            return static::$setAttributeMutatorCache[$class][$key] = false;
        }

        $returnType = (new ReflectionMethod($this, $method))->getReturnType();

        return static::$setAttributeMutatorCache[$class][$key] =
                    $returnType instanceof ReflectionNamedType &&
                    $returnType->getName() === Attribute::class &&
                    is_callable($this->{$method}()->set);
    }

    /**
     * Set the value of an attribute using its mutator.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function setMutatedAttributeValue($key, $value)
    {
        return $this->{'set'.Str::studly($key).'Attribute'}($value);
    }

    /**
     * Set the value of a "Attribute" return type marked attribute using its mutator.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function setAttributeMarkedMutatedAttributeValue($key, $value)
    {
        $attribute = $this->{Str::camel($key)}();

        $callback = $attribute->set ?: function ($value) use ($key) {
            $this->attributes[$key] = $value;
        };

        $this->attributes = array_merge(
            $this->attributes,
            $this->normalizeCastClassResponse(
                $key, $callback($value, $this->attributes)
            )
        );

        if ($attribute->withCaching || (is_object($value) && $attribute->withObjectCaching)) {
            $this->attributeCastCache[$key] = $value;
        } else {
            unset($this->attributeCastCache[$key]);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given attribute is a date or date castable.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isDateAttribute($key)
    {
        return in_array($key, $this->getDates(), true) ||
            $this->isDateCastable($key);
    }

    /**
     * Set a given JSON attribute on the model.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return $this
     */
    public function fillJsonAttribute($key, $value)
    {
        [$key, $path] = explode('->', $key, 2);

        $value = $this->asJson($this->getArrayAttributeWithValue(
            $path, $key, $value
        ));

        $this->attributes[$key] = $this->isEncryptedCastable($key)
            ? $this->castAttributeAsEncryptedString($key, $value)
            : $value;

        if ($this->isClassCastable($key)) {
            unset($this->classCastCache[$key]);
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Set the value of a class castable attribute.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return void
     */
    protected function setClassCastableAttribute($key, $value)
    {
        $caster = $this->resolveCasterClass($key);

        $this->attributes = array_replace(
            $this->attributes,
            $this->normalizeCastClassResponse($key, $caster->set(
                $this, $key, $value, $this->attributes
            ))
        );

        if ($caster instanceof CastsInboundAttributes ||
            ! is_object($value) ||
            ($caster->withoutObjectCaching ?? false)) {
            unset($this->classCastCache[$key]);
        } else {
            $this->classCastCache[$key] = $value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the value of an enum castable attribute.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  \UnitEnum|string|int|null  $value
     * @return void
     */
    protected function setEnumCastableAttribute($key, $value)
    {
        $enumClass = $this->getCasts()[$key];

        if (! isset($value)) {
            $this->attributes[$key] = null;
        } elseif (is_object($value)) {
            $this->attributes[$key] = $this->getStorableEnumValue($enumClass, $value);
        } else {
            $this->attributes[$key] = $this->getStorableEnumValue(
                $enumClass, $this->getEnumCaseFromValue($enumClass, $value)
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get an enum case instance from a given class and value.
     *
     * @param  string  $enumClass
     * @param  string|int  $value
     * @return \UnitEnum|\BackedEnum
     */
    protected function getEnumCaseFromValue($enumClass, $value)
    {
        return is_subclass_of($enumClass, BackedEnum::class)
                ? $enumClass::from($value)
                : constant($enumClass.'::'.$value);
    }

    /**
     * Get the storable value from the given enum.
     *
     * @param  string  $expectedEnum
     * @param  \UnitEnum|\BackedEnum  $value
     * @return string|int
     */
    protected function getStorableEnumValue($expectedEnum, $value)
    {
        if (! $value instanceof $expectedEnum) {
            throw new ValueError(sprintf('Value [%s] is not of the expected enum type [%s].', var_export($value, true), $expectedEnum));
        }

        return $value instanceof BackedEnum
                ? $value->value
                : $value->name;
    }

    /**
     * Get an array attribute with the given key and value set.
     *
     * @param  string  $path
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return $this
     */
    protected function getArrayAttributeWithValue($path, $key, $value)
    {
        return tap($this->getArrayAttributeByKey($key), function (&$array) use ($path, $value) {
            Arr::set($array, str_replace('->', '.', $path), $value);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Get an array attribute or return an empty array if it is not set.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getArrayAttributeByKey($key)
    {
        if (! isset($this->attributes[$key])) {
            return [];
        }

        return $this->fromJson(
            $this->isEncryptedCastable($key)
                ? $this->fromEncryptedString($this->attributes[$key])
                : $this->attributes[$key]
        );
    }

    /**
     * Cast the given attribute to JSON.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return string
     */
    protected function castAttributeAsJson($key, $value)
    {
        $value = $this->asJson($value);

        if ($value === false) {
            throw JsonEncodingException::forAttribute(
                $this, $key, json_last_error_msg()
            );
        }

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Encode the given value as JSON.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return string
     */
    protected function asJson($value)
    {
        return Json::encode($value);
    }

    /**
     * Decode the given JSON back into an array or object.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $value
     * @param  bool  $asObject
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function fromJson($value, $asObject = false)
    {
        if ($value === null || $value === '') {
            return null;
        }

        return Json::decode($value, ! $asObject);
    }

    /**
     * Decrypt the given encrypted string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function fromEncryptedString($value)
    {
        return static::currentEncrypter()->decrypt($value, false);
    }

    /**
     * Cast the given attribute to an encrypted string.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return string
     */
    protected function castAttributeAsEncryptedString($key, #[\SensitiveParameter] $value)
    {
        return static::currentEncrypter()->encrypt($value, false);
    }

    /**
     * Set the encrypter instance that will be used to encrypt attributes.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter|null  $encrypter
     * @return void
     */
    public static function encryptUsing($encrypter)
    {
        static::$encrypter = $encrypter;
    }

    /**
     * Get the current encrypter being used by the model.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\Encrypter
     */
    protected static function currentEncrypter()
    {
        return static::$encrypter ?? Crypt::getFacadeRoot();
    }

    /**
     * Cast the given attribute to a hashed string.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return string
     */
    protected function castAttributeAsHashedString($key, #[\SensitiveParameter] $value)
    {
        if ($value === null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (! Hash::isHashed($value)) {
            return Hash::make($value);
        }

        /** @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
        if (! Hash::verifyConfiguration($value)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Could not verify the hashed value's configuration.");
        }

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Decode the given float.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function fromFloat($value)
    {
        return match ((string) $value) {
            'Infinity' => INF,
            '-Infinity' => -INF,
            'NaN' => NAN,
            default => (float) $value,
        };
    }

    /**
     * Return a decimal as string.
     *
     * @param  float|string  $value
     * @param  int  $decimals
     * @return string
     */
    protected function asDecimal($value, $decimals)
    {
        try {
            return (string) BigDecimal::of($value)->toScale($decimals, RoundingMode::HALF_UP);
        } catch (BrickMathException $e) {
            throw new MathException('Unable to cast value to a decimal.', previous: $e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return a timestamp as DateTime object with time set to 00:00:00.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Carbon
     */
    protected function asDate($value)
    {
        return $this->asDateTime($value)->startOfDay();
    }

    /**
     * Return a timestamp as DateTime object.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Carbon
     */
    protected function asDateTime($value)
    {
        // If this value is already a Carbon instance, we shall just return it as is.
        // This prevents us having to re-instantiate a Carbon instance when we know
        // it already is one, which wouldn't be fulfilled by the DateTime check.
        if ($value instanceof CarbonInterface) {
            return Date::instance($value);
        }

        // If the value is already a DateTime instance, we will just skip the rest of
        // these checks since they will be a waste of time, and hinder performance
        // when checking the field. We will just return the DateTime right away.
        if ($value instanceof DateTimeInterface) {
            return Date::parse(
                $value->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u'), $value->getTimezone()
            );
        }

        // If this value is an integer, we will assume it is a UNIX timestamp's value
        // and format a Carbon object from this timestamp. This allows flexibility
        // when defining your date fields as they might be UNIX timestamps here.
        if (is_numeric($value)) {
            return Date::createFromTimestamp($value, date_default_timezone_get());
        }

        // If the value is in simply year, month, day format, we will instantiate the
        // Carbon instances from that format. Again, this provides for simple date
        // fields on the database, while still supporting Carbonized conversion.
        if ($this->isStandardDateFormat($value)) {
            return Date::instance(Carbon::createFromFormat('Y-m-d', $value)->startOfDay());
        }

        $format = $this->getDateFormat();

        // Finally, we will just assume this date is in the format used by default on
        // the database connection and use that format to create the Carbon object
        // that is returned back out to the developers after we convert it here.
        try {
            $date = Date::createFromFormat($format, $value);
        } catch (InvalidArgumentException) {
            $date = false;
        }

        return $date ?: Date::parse($value);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given value is a standard date format.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isStandardDateFormat($value)
    {
        return preg_match('/^(\d{4})-(\d{1,2})-(\d{1,2})$/', $value);
    }

    /**
     * Convert a DateTime to a storable string.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return string|null
     */
    public function fromDateTime($value)
    {
        return empty($value) ? $value : $this->asDateTime($value)->format(
            $this->getDateFormat()
        );
    }

    /**
     * Return a timestamp as unix timestamp.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return int
     */
    protected function asTimestamp($value)
    {
        return $this->asDateTime($value)->getTimestamp();
    }

    /**
     * Prepare a date for array / JSON serialization.
     *
     * @param  \DateTimeInterface  $date
     * @return string
     */
    protected function serializeDate(DateTimeInterface $date)
    {
        return $date instanceof DateTimeImmutable ?
            CarbonImmutable::instance($date)->toJSON() :
            Carbon::instance($date)->toJSON();
    }

    /**
     * Get the attributes that should be converted to dates.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getDates()
    {
        return $this->usesTimestamps() ? [
            $this->getCreatedAtColumn(),
            $this->getUpdatedAtColumn(),
        ] : [];
    }

    /**
     * Get the format for database stored dates.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getDateFormat()
    {
        return $this->dateFormat ?: $this->getConnection()->getQueryGrammar()->getDateFormat();
    }

    /**
     * Set the date format used by the model.
     *
     * @param  string  $format
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setDateFormat($format)
    {
        $this->dateFormat = $format;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether an attribute should be cast to a native type.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  array|string|null  $types
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasCast($key, $types = null)
    {
        if (array_key_exists($key, $this->getCasts())) {
            return $types ? in_array($this->getCastType($key), (array) $types, true) : true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get the attributes that should be cast.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getCasts()
    {
        if ($this->getIncrementing()) {
            return array_merge([$this->getKeyName() => $this->getKeyType()], $this->casts);
        }

        return $this->casts;
    }

    /**
     * Get the attributes that should be cast.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function casts()
    {
        return [];
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether a value is Date / DateTime castable for inbound manipulation.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isDateCastable($key)
    {
        return $this->hasCast($key, ['date', 'datetime', 'immutable_date', 'immutable_datetime']);
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether a value is Date / DateTime custom-castable for inbound manipulation.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isDateCastableWithCustomFormat($key)
    {
        return $this->hasCast($key, ['custom_datetime', 'immutable_custom_datetime']);
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether a value is JSON castable for inbound manipulation.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isJsonCastable($key)
    {
        return $this->hasCast($key, ['array', 'json', 'object', 'collection', 'encrypted:array', 'encrypted:collection', 'encrypted:json', 'encrypted:object']);
    }

    /**
     * Determine whether a value is an encrypted castable for inbound manipulation.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isEncryptedCastable($key)
    {
        return $this->hasCast($key, ['encrypted', 'encrypted:array', 'encrypted:collection', 'encrypted:json', 'encrypted:object']);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given key is cast using a custom class.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\InvalidCastException
     */
    protected function isClassCastable($key)
    {
        $casts = $this->getCasts();

        if (! array_key_exists($key, $casts)) {
            return false;
        }

        $castType = $this->parseCasterClass($casts[$key]);

        if (in_array($castType, static::$primitiveCastTypes)) {
            return false;
        }

        if (class_exists($castType)) {
            return true;
        }

        throw new InvalidCastException($this->getModel(), $key, $castType);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the given key is cast using an enum.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isEnumCastable($key)
    {
        $casts = $this->getCasts();

        if (! array_key_exists($key, $casts)) {
            return false;
        }

        $castType = $casts[$key];

        if (in_array($castType, static::$primitiveCastTypes)) {
            return false;
        }

        return enum_exists($castType);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the key is deviable using a custom class.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\InvalidCastException
     */
    protected function isClassDeviable($key)
    {
        if (! $this->isClassCastable($key)) {
            return false;
        }

        $castType = $this->resolveCasterClass($key);

        return method_exists($castType::class, 'increment') && method_exists($castType::class, 'decrement');
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the key is serializable using a custom class.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\InvalidCastException
     */
    protected function isClassSerializable($key)
    {
        return ! $this->isEnumCastable($key) &&
            $this->isClassCastable($key) &&
            method_exists($this->resolveCasterClass($key), 'serialize');
    }

    /**
     * Resolve the custom caster class for a given key.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function resolveCasterClass($key)
    {
        $castType = $this->getCasts()[$key];

        $arguments = [];

        if (is_string($castType) && str_contains($castType, ':')) {
            $segments = explode(':', $castType, 2);

            $castType = $segments[0];
            $arguments = explode(',', $segments[1]);
        }

        if (is_subclass_of($castType, Castable::class)) {
            $castType = $castType::castUsing($arguments);
        }

        if (is_object($castType)) {
            return $castType;
        }

        return new $castType(...$arguments);
    }

    /**
     * Parse the given caster class, removing any arguments.
     *
     * @param  string  $class
     * @return string
     */
    protected function parseCasterClass($class)
    {
        return ! str_contains($class, ':')
            ? $class
            : explode(':', $class, 2)[0];
    }

    /**
     * Merge the cast class and attribute cast attributes back into the model.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function mergeAttributesFromCachedCasts()
    {
        $this->mergeAttributesFromClassCasts();
        $this->mergeAttributesFromAttributeCasts();
    }

    /**
     * Merge the cast class attributes back into the model.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function mergeAttributesFromClassCasts()
    {
        foreach ($this->classCastCache as $key => $value) {
            $caster = $this->resolveCasterClass($key);

            $this->attributes = array_merge(
                $this->attributes,
                $caster instanceof CastsInboundAttributes
                    ? [$key => $value]
                    : $this->normalizeCastClassResponse($key, $caster->set($this, $key, $value, $this->attributes))
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Merge the cast class attributes back into the model.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function mergeAttributesFromAttributeCasts()
    {
        foreach ($this->attributeCastCache as $key => $value) {
            $attribute = $this->{Str::camel($key)}();

            if ($attribute->get && ! $attribute->set) {
                continue;
            }

            $callback = $attribute->set ?: function ($value) use ($key) {
                $this->attributes[$key] = $value;
            };

            $this->attributes = array_merge(
                $this->attributes,
                $this->normalizeCastClassResponse(
                    $key, $callback($value, $this->attributes)
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Normalize the response from a custom class caster.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return array
     */
    protected function normalizeCastClassResponse($key, $value)
    {
        return is_array($value) ? $value : [$key => $value];
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the current attributes on the model.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getAttributes()
    {
        $this->mergeAttributesFromCachedCasts();

        return $this->attributes;
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the current attributes on the model for an insert operation.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getAttributesForInsert()
    {
        return $this->getAttributes();
    }

    /**
     * Set the array of model attributes. No checking is done.
     *
     * @param  array  $attributes
     * @param  bool  $sync
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setRawAttributes(array $attributes, $sync = false)
    {
        $this->attributes = $attributes;

        if ($sync) {
            $this->syncOriginal();
        }

        $this->classCastCache = [];
        $this->attributeCastCache = [];

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the model's original attribute values.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed|array
     */
    public function getOriginal($key = null, $default = null)
    {
        return (new static)->setRawAttributes(
            $this->original, $sync = true
        )->getOriginalWithoutRewindingModel($key, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Get the model's original attribute values.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed|array
     */
    protected function getOriginalWithoutRewindingModel($key = null, $default = null)
    {
        if ($key) {
            return $this->transformModelValue(
                $key, Arr::get($this->original, $key, $default)
            );
        }

        return collect($this->original)->mapWithKeys(function ($value, $key) {
            return [$key => $this->transformModelValue($key, $value)];
        })->all();
    }

    /**
     * Get the model's raw original attribute values.
     *
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @param  mixed  $default
     * @return mixed|array
     */
    public function getRawOriginal($key = null, $default = null)
    {
        return Arr::get($this->original, $key, $default);
    }

    /**
     * Get a subset of the model's attributes.
     *
     * @param  array|mixed  $attributes
     * @return array
     */
    public function only($attributes)
    {
        $results = [];

        foreach (is_array($attributes) ? $attributes : func_get_args() as $attribute) {
            $results[$attribute] = $this->getAttribute($attribute);
        }

        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * Sync the original attributes with the current.
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    public function syncOriginal()
    {
        $this->original = $this->getAttributes();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Sync a single original attribute with its current value.
     *
     * @param  string  $attribute
     * @return $this
     */
    public function syncOriginalAttribute($attribute)
    {
        return $this->syncOriginalAttributes($attribute);
    }

    /**
     * Sync multiple original attribute with their current values.
     *
     * @param  array|string  $attributes
     * @return $this
     */
    public function syncOriginalAttributes($attributes)
    {
        $attributes = is_array($attributes) ? $attributes : func_get_args();

        $modelAttributes = $this->getAttributes();

        foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
            $this->original[$attribute] = $modelAttributes[$attribute];
        }

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Sync the changed attributes.
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    public function syncChanges()
    {
        $this->changes = $this->getDirty();

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the model or any of the given attribute(s) have been modified.
     *
     * @param  array|string|null  $attributes
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isDirty($attributes = null)
    {
        return $this->hasChanges(
            $this->getDirty(), is_array($attributes) ? $attributes : func_get_args()
        );
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the model or all the given attribute(s) have remained the same.
     *
     * @param  array|string|null  $attributes
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isClean($attributes = null)
    {
        return ! $this->isDirty(...func_get_args());
    }

    /**
     * Discard attribute changes and reset the attributes to their original state.
     *
     * @return $this
     */
    public function discardChanges()
    {
        [$this->attributes, $this->changes] = [$this->original, []];

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the model or any of the given attribute(s) were changed when the model was last saved.
     *
     * @param  array|string|null  $attributes
     * @return bool
     */
    public function wasChanged($attributes = null)
    {
        return $this->hasChanges(
            $this->getChanges(), is_array($attributes) ? $attributes : func_get_args()
        );
    }

    /**
     * Determine if any of the given attributes were changed when the model was last saved.
     *
     * @param  array  $changes
     * @param  array|string|null  $attributes
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function hasChanges($changes, $attributes = null)
    {
        // If no specific attributes were provided, we will just see if the dirty array
        // already contains any attributes. If it does we will just return that this
        // count is greater than zero. Else, we need to check specific attributes.
        if (empty($attributes)) {
            return count($changes) > 0;
        }

        // Here we will spin through every attribute and see if this is in the array of
        // dirty attributes. If it is, we will return true and if we make it through
        // all of the attributes for the entire array we will return false at end.
        foreach (Arr::wrap($attributes) as $attribute) {
            if (array_key_exists($attribute, $changes)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get the attributes that have been changed since the last sync.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getDirty()
    {
        $dirty = [];

        foreach ($this->getAttributes() as $key => $value) {
            if (! $this->originalIsEquivalent($key)) {
                $dirty[$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        return $dirty;
    }

    /**
     * Get the attributes that have been changed since the last sync for an update operation.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getDirtyForUpdate()
    {
        return $this->getDirty();
    }

    /**
     * Get the attributes that were changed when the model was last saved.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getChanges()
    {
        return $this->changes;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the new and old values for a given key are equivalent.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @return bool
     */
    public function originalIsEquivalent($key)
    {
        if (! array_key_exists($key, $this->original)) {
            return false;
        }

        $attribute = Arr::get($this->attributes, $key);
        $original = Arr::get($this->original, $key);

        if ($attribute === $original) {
            return true;
        } elseif (is_null($attribute)) {
            return false;
        } elseif ($this->isDateAttribute($key) || $this->isDateCastableWithCustomFormat($key)) {
            return $this->fromDateTime($attribute) ===
                $this->fromDateTime($original);
        } elseif ($this->hasCast($key, ['object', 'collection'])) {
            return $this->fromJson($attribute) ===
                $this->fromJson($original);
        } elseif ($this->hasCast($key, ['real', 'float', 'double'])) {
            if ($original === null) {
                return false;
            }

            return abs($this->castAttribute($key, $attribute) - $this->castAttribute($key, $original)) < PHP_FLOAT_EPSILON * 4;
        } elseif ($this->isEncryptedCastable($key) && ! empty(static::currentEncrypter()->getPreviousKeys())) {
            return false;
        } elseif ($this->hasCast($key, static::$primitiveCastTypes)) {
            return $this->castAttribute($key, $attribute) ===
                $this->castAttribute($key, $original);
        } elseif ($this->isClassCastable($key) && Str::startsWith($this->getCasts()[$key], [AsArrayObject::class, AsCollection::class])) {
            return $this->fromJson($attribute) === $this->fromJson($original);
        } elseif ($this->isClassCastable($key) && Str::startsWith($this->getCasts()[$key], [AsEnumArrayObject::class, AsEnumCollection::class])) {
            return $this->fromJson($attribute) === $this->fromJson($original);
        } elseif ($this->isClassCastable($key) && $original !== null && Str::startsWith($this->getCasts()[$key], [AsEncryptedArrayObject::class, AsEncryptedCollection::class])) {
            if (empty(static::currentEncrypter()->getPreviousKeys())) {
                return $this->fromEncryptedString($attribute) === $this->fromEncryptedString($original);
            }

            return false;
        }

        return is_numeric($attribute) && is_numeric($original)
            && strcmp((string) $attribute, (string) $original) === 0;
    }

    /**
     * Transform a raw model value using mutators, casts, etc.
     *
     * @param  string  $key
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function transformModelValue($key, $value)
    {
        // If the attribute has a get mutator, we will call that then return what
        // it returns as the value, which is useful for transforming values on
        // retrieval from the model to a form that is more useful for usage.
        if ($this->hasGetMutator($key)) {
            return $this->mutateAttribute($key, $value);
        } elseif ($this->hasAttributeGetMutator($key)) {
            return $this->mutateAttributeMarkedAttribute($key, $value);
        }

        // If the attribute exists within the cast array, we will convert it to
        // an appropriate native PHP type dependent upon the associated value
        // given with the key in the pair. Dayle made this comment line up.
        if ($this->hasCast($key)) {
            if (static::preventsAccessingMissingAttributes() &&
                ! array_key_exists($key, $this->attributes) &&
                ($this->isEnumCastable($key) ||
                 in_array($this->getCastType($key), static::$primitiveCastTypes))) {
                $this->throwMissingAttributeExceptionIfApplicable($key);
            }

            return $this->castAttribute($key, $value);
        }

        // If the attribute is listed as a date, we will convert it to a DateTime
        // instance on retrieval, which makes it quite convenient to work with
        // date fields without having to create a mutator for each property.
        if ($value !== null
            && \in_array($key, $this->getDates(), false)) {
            return $this->asDateTime($value);
        }

        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Append attributes to query when building a query.
     *
     * @param  array|string  $attributes
     * @return $this
     */
    public function append($attributes)
    {
        $this->appends = array_values(array_unique(
            array_merge($this->appends, is_string($attributes) ? func_get_args() : $attributes)
        ));

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get the accessors that are being appended to model arrays.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getAppends()
    {
        return $this->appends;
    }

    /**
     * Set the accessors to append to model arrays.
     *
     * @param  array  $appends
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setAppends(array $appends)
    {
        $this->appends = $appends;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Return whether the accessor attribute has been appended.
     *
     * @param  string  $attribute
     * @return bool
     */
    public function hasAppended($attribute)
    {
        return in_array($attribute, $this->appends);
    }

    /**
     * Get the mutated attributes for a given instance.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getMutatedAttributes()
    {
        if (! isset(static::$mutatorCache[static::class])) {
            static::cacheMutatedAttributes($this);
        }

        return static::$mutatorCache[static::class];
    }

    /**
     * Extract and cache all the mutated attributes of a class.
     *
     * @param  object|string  $classOrInstance
     * @return void
     */
    public static function cacheMutatedAttributes($classOrInstance)
    {
        $reflection = new ReflectionClass($classOrInstance);

        $class = $reflection->getName();

        static::$getAttributeMutatorCache[$class] =
            collect($attributeMutatorMethods = static::getAttributeMarkedMutatorMethods($classOrInstance))
                    ->mapWithKeys(function ($match) {
                        return [lcfirst(static::$snakeAttributes ? Str::snake($match) : $match) => true];
                    })->all();

        static::$mutatorCache[$class] = collect(static::getMutatorMethods($class))
                ->merge($attributeMutatorMethods)
                ->map(function ($match) {
                    return lcfirst(static::$snakeAttributes ? Str::snake($match) : $match);
                })->all();
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the attribute mutator methods.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $class
     * @return array
     */
    protected static function getMutatorMethods($class)
    {
        preg_match_all('/(?<=^|;)get([^;]+?)Attribute(;|$)/', implode(';', get_class_methods($class)), $matches);

        return $matches[1];
    }

    /**
     * Get all of the "Attribute" return typed attribute mutator methods.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $class
     * @return array
     */
    protected static function getAttributeMarkedMutatorMethods($class)
    {
        $instance = is_object($class) ? $class : new $class;

        return collect((new ReflectionClass($instance))->getMethods())->filter(function ($method) use ($instance) {
            $returnType = $method->getReturnType();

            if ($returnType instanceof ReflectionNamedType &&
                $returnType->getName() === Attribute::class) {
                if (is_callable($method->invoke($instance)->get)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }

            return false;
        })->map->name->values()->all();
    }
}

.NET Framework

Project Request

ProjectC

Vehicle Maintenance

Movie Navigator

Customers Exchange

ATM

.NET Core

Mail Daemon

Custom

Buns of code

PHP

Mediabox

Loan Castle

Content Management

Laravel

Phone Check

Frontend

Forex Wall

Business projects

Certification Center

Amerikas Auto

Pet projects

Geolocation Assistant

Web Dynamics

Blackball

Good old times

DOS Clock

BrainOut

Airport Administrator

Atomizer

Mediabox